ICE-VOLC

Melbourne and Rittmann volcanoes are located in the Victoria Land. Whilst Rittmann’s last eruption dates probably to Pleistocene, Melbourne’s most recent eruption between 1862 and 1922, testifying it is still active. At present, both volcanoes display fumarolic activity; records of eruptions from remote volcanoes (e.g. the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption) have strongly reminded that even the farthest and least known volcanoes can pose significant hazards to large and distant communities. Thus, the opportunity to investigate such volcanic system represents a unique resource to evaluate their state and to assess the hazardous aspects. The position of Melbourne in the Antarctic region (characterised by absence of anthropic noise) and its proximity with the Italian base makes this volcano an ideal site for studying volcano seismic sources, volcanic gas-thermal emissions, seismo-acoustic signals caused by cryosphere-ocean-atmosphere dynamics, and volcanic gas impact on environment.

The main aim of the project is the assessment of the state of at first Melbourne and secondly of Rittmann, and the investigation of their dynamics by acquisition, analysis and integration of multiparametric geophysical, geochemical and thermal data. Complementary objectives include (a) investigation of the relationship between seismo-acoustic activity recorded in Antarctica and cryosphere-ocean-atmosphere dynamics, (b) evaluation of the impact of volcanic gas in atmosphere, and finally (c) dissemination of the project outcomes. In order to achieve these objectives, extended multi-parametric datasets are needed, hence during the first two years of project we will set up temporary geophysical multi-parametric stations and carry out geochemical and thermal surveys at both volcanoes. Following the results achieved, in the third and fourth years, the multi-parametric monitoring system will be implemented by installing permanent geochemical sensors and a seismic array, and equipping all stations with transmission systems and the Italian base with acquisition system.